Empowering Women: The Unsung Heroes Behind the First Saudi State’s Rise

The story of the first Saudi state (1139 AH – 1233 AH / 1727 CE – 1818 CE) is not merely a chronicle of political evolution but also a tribute to the pivotal roles women played in shaping its narrative. While tales of valor and strategy often spotlight men, it is the societal and cultural foundations, nurtured by women, that provided the backbone for this historical epoch.
Women as Pillars of Community Building
The historical records preserved in the King Abdulaziz Foundation’s book “The Day We Started” highlight the intellectual, faith-driven, and knowledgeable women of this era. Mawdi bint Sultan Abu Wahatan, hailing from the Al Kathir branch of the Lam tribe, stands out as a luminary figure. More than just her sharp intellect and visionary foresight, Mawdi embodied profound religious devotion. Her indelible contributions prompted Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed to establish a lasting legacy: a mosque and school endowment in the Al Tareef district, ensuring her influence transcended generations.
Another beacon of leadership was Ghaliyah bint Abdulrahman from the Bqum tribe. Residing between the regions of Hejaz and Najd in Tarbah, Ghaliyah’s strategic insights and unwavering support were instrumental in fortifying the first Saudi state against the encroaching Ottoman invasions. Her philanthropic endeavors, marked by her dedication to the community’s well-being, further solidified her stature as a trailblazer.
Financial Empowerment and Social Traditions: A Resilient Framework
The first Saudi state’s resilience was not just on the battlefield but also evident in its financial and social architectures. United against external threats like the Ottoman invasions, tribes, and their leaders found common ground, with figures like Ghaliyah at the forefront.
Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed’s visionary policies were geared towards the holistic welfare of all, particularly women and widows. His proactive measures, such as providing financial provisions during economic downturns and instituting regular allowances for bereaved families, underscored his commitment to fostering gender equality and promoting social justice.
A Tapestry of Bravery, Honor, and Generosity
The women of Diriyah were imbued with values that celebrated bravery, making them emblematic figures of pride and honor. Historical narratives reveal their pivotal roles in hosting and safeguarding guests, an age-old tradition known as “Dakhala” in Najd. This cultural cornerstone not only emphasized the importance of hospitality but also highlighted women’s integral role in upholding community values and traditions.
Generosity was another hallmark of these women. Jalilah bint Amir Abdulmohsen bin Saeed Al Dura’i epitomized this virtue, establishing rest stops and inns to aid pilgrims traversing the region. Her foresight in creating the Khan Jalilah endowment ensured her philanthropic spirit would endure, benefiting countless individuals in the years to come.
Lifestyle and Fashion: The Elegance of Tradition
The daily lives of Diriyah’s women were a harmonious blend of tradition and elegance. Entrusted with managing household affairs, they adeptly juggled responsibilities ranging from cleaning and organizing to weaving and tending to livestock.
Fashion played a pivotal role in their cultural expression. The “Karbas,” a cotton shirt, was a ubiquitous garment, with colors like green and black being favored. Moreover, they adorned themselves with exquisite silk robes, red “Khuza” imported from bustling trade centers like Aleppo and Baghdad, and the graceful Qilani cloak, primarily sourced from Iraq.
In essence, the first Saudi state is a testament to the invaluable contributions and indomitable spirit of its women. Their multifaceted roles in shaping society, preserving cultural heritage, and championing societal values have left an enduring legacy, enriching the region’s history and inspiring future generations to come.
The Elegance and Empowerment of Tradition: Women’s Integral Roles in the First Saudi State
Fashion and Adornment: A Symphony of Elegance
In the heart of the first Saudi state, the women, particularly the esteemed wives of Imam Saud bin Abdulaziz, were celebrated for their sophisticated fashion sense. Their attire was a harmonious blend of tradition and luxury, with Indian silk being the fabric of choice. This silk came in a myriad of hues, reflecting the changing seasons and festive occasions.
During the chilly winters, they donned the “Baz,” a luxurious silk fabric renowned for its exceptional quality and warmth. This exquisite material was imported from Syria, and its fine texture made it highly sought after among the elite. In contrast, the warmer months saw them adorned in lighter, breezy fabrics, ensuring comfort while maintaining their elegant appearance.
Jewelry was not just an accessory but a statement of status and sophistication. Their jewelry collections were a treasure trove of precious gems, including pearls, rubies, and turquoise. The jewelry of the wives of Imam Abdullah bin Saud was particularly illustrious, predominantly crafted from sapphires and pearls, with gold accents adding a touch of opulence. Anklets, known as “Khalakhal,” adorned their feet, producing a melodious jingle with every step, adding to their allure.
Beauty rituals were an integral part of their daily routine. They applied kohl to enhance their eyes, adorned their palms and nails with intricate henna designs, and styled their hair in elaborate braids, embellished with pearls and jewels. To complete their enchanting aura, they wore fragrances crafted from a blend of musk and amber, leaving a lasting impression of elegance wherever they went.
Educational Empowerment: The Rise of Intellectual Pursuits
Diriyah, as the capital of the state, blossomed into an intellectual hub, drawing scholars and learners alike. The educational landscape was diverse, catering to both men and women. Imam Saud’s grand mosque in Diriyah was not only a place of worship but also a center for learning. Here, religious teachings were imparted to men and women alike, fostering an environment of knowledge and enlightenment.
This commitment to education was a lasting legacy that continued under subsequent leaders. Imam Abdulaziz, recognizing the importance of female education, established a dedicated women’s section in the Al Bujairi Mosque. Here, esteemed scholars provided lessons on various subjects, including reading, writing, and calligraphy. This initiative empowered women, equipping them with valuable skills that transcended the domestic sphere, fostering personal and community development.
Craftsmanship and Artistry: A Testament to Creativity
Women in Diriyah were not just homemakers but also skilled artisans. Gunsmithing was a craft that showcased their precision and creativity. They crafted a variety of weapons and luxury items, intricately adorned with gold and silver, reflecting their meticulous craftsmanship and artistic flair.
Agriculture was another domain where women made significant contributions. They actively participated in cultivating crops, including the renowned dates, and other essential produce. Furthermore, they utilized local resources innovatively, crafting a plethora of products from palm fronds, such as brooms, baskets, mats, and even intricately designed handicrafts.
Economic Ventures and Entrepreneurial Spirit
The women of Diriyah were astute businesswomen, demonstrating resilience and entrepreneurial spirit. Some established small shops within their homes, offering a range of daily necessities and handmade crafts to the community. Others ventured into itinerant trading, known as “Dallalat” or “Jalabiyat.” Carrying goods on their heads, they journeyed to neighboring villages and towns, showcasing their resourcefulness and determination.
Roles of Women in the First Saudi State
- Hospitality: Ensuring the safety and comfort of guests in homes and pastures.
- Generosity: Offering shelter, food, and aid to travelers and those in need.
- Household Management: Overseeing domestic affairs, ensuring order and harmony.
- Animal Husbandry: Raising and caring for livestock, poultry, and birds.
- Education: Pursuing formal education and religious teachings, nurturing intellect.
- Economic Support: Engaging in trade, providing essential goods, and services.
- Craftsmanship: Showcasing creativity through gunsmithing and intricate crafts.
- Itinerant Trading: Venturing into door-to-door sales, displaying entrepreneurial flair.
- Agriculture: Contributing to farming and cultivating essential crops.
- Textile Work: Sewing clothes from imported cotton and wool, adding to the local economy.
- Firewood Collection: Gathering, cutting, and selling firewood, ensuring warmth.
- Spice Trade: Selling an array of spices, adding flavor and variety to local cuisine.
The multifaceted contributions of women were instrumental in shaping the fabric of the first Saudi state. Their resilience, creativity, and pivotal roles in society and the economy of Diriyah serve as an enduring testament to their legacy, inspiring and empowering women across generations.